![]() ![]() Only a few of the armed conflicts were being addressed by ongoing or new peace processes in 2021. Three trends remained a cause for concern in 2021: ( a) the growing Chinese–United States rivalry, combined with an increasingly assertive Chinese foreign policy ( b) the various threats and conflicts falling within the broad terrorism/counterterrorism rubric, involving both states and non-state actors and ( c) the ongoing impact of weather and climate hazards. Total conflict-related fatalities in Asia and Oceania increased by 59 per cent in 2021 (having fallen by nearly 50 per cent in 2020). Internationalized civil war), India (low-intensity, combined interstate border and subnational armed conflicts) and Pakistan (high-intensity, combined interstate border and subnational armed conflicts) four were in South East Asia-a major armed conflict in Myanmar and low-intensity, subnational armed conflicts in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand and there was a new low-intensity interstate conflict in Central Asia between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. ![]() Three were in South Asia-Afghanistan (major Nine countries in Asia and Oceania experienced active armed conflicts in2021, two more than in 2020. ![]()
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